Hard Hat Types and Classes (ANSI Z89.1)

What it is

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.135 requires head protection where there is a risk of injury from falling objects or electrical contact, and refers to ANSI Z89.1. The standard sets two impact Types and three electrical Classes. Type I protects against blows to the top of the head. Type II protects against blows to the top and the sides, front and back (lateral impact). Class G (general) is proof-tested at 2,200 volts. Class E (electrical) is proof-tested at 20,000 volts. Class C (conductive) gives no electrical protection. Type and Class are independent: a hard hat can be Type I Class E, Type II Class G and so on. The quick lookup is on the hard hat type and class chart.

How to identify

Every compliant hard hat has a label or molded mark inside the shell with the maker, the standard and edition (such as ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014), the Type and Class, the date of manufacture and the size range. Suspensions carry their own marks. See identifying hard hat date codes.

Optional label marks

Key points

• OSHA accepts hard hats that meet Z89.1-2009, -2003 or -1997, or that are shown to be equally effective. Later editions are generally accepted as meeting the rule.
• Wear the hard hat as the label allows. Wearing it backward without the reverse donning mark voids the rating.
• Only use accessories (face shields, earmuffs, lights, chin straps) approved by the hard hat maker for that model. Accessories that are not approved can reduce impact or electrical protection.
• Do not drill holes, paint the shell or apply solvents unless the maker allows it. Vented hard hats are not Class E.
• Replace the shell after any significant impact. Replace suspensions and shells on the maker's schedule and when damaged. See hard hat suspension, fit and adjustment.

Common mistakes

• Using a vented or Class C hard hat for electrical work.
• Wearing a ball cap under the hard hat.
• Mounting non-approved accessories.
• Keeping a hard hat on the dashboard where heat and sunlight degrade it.

Governing standards: ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 (industrial head protection); 29 CFR 1910.135 (occupational head protection).

Reference only. Verify against the current governing code or standard, the manufacturer's data and the project documents before use. Apps for Distributors disclaims liability arising from reliance on this reference.